How to Prevent Osteoporosis, Naturally

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• Eat A Bone-Building Diet

  As you’ll soon discover, there are several factors that can help you prevent osteoporosis. But perhaps the most important of all is your diet.

  See, to build healthy, strong bones, you need to supply your body with the raw building blocks. After all, what better way to prevent osteoporosis than to continually build new bone?

  But just as you can’t build a strong, sturdy house without foundations, framework, and walls, you can’t build strong bones without all the necessary nutrients (more on those in just a moment.) Preventing osteoporosis isn’t just about including the right foods in your diet though. You need to avoid certain foods that cause bone loss too.

  Unfortunately, the Standard American Diet (SAD) is very pro-inflammatory. That means, on average, Americans are consuming far too many foods that cause inflammation in the body. Inflammation is actually part of your body’s immune response. Inflammatory cells are your body’s first response team to help heal injured tissue or eliminate harmful substances.

  But here’s the thing; consuming too many pro-inflammatory foods causes the inflammation to become chronic. And chronic inflammation is very bad news indeed.

  In fact, research suggests chronic inflammation plays a role in a whole host of diseases, including osteoporosis.⁵ As far as osteoporosis is concerned, chronic inflammation overstimulates your osteoclast cells (remember, they’re the cells that break down your bones.)

  To discover more about inflammation and bone health, and a list of pro-inflammatory foods to avoid, check out our “8 Foods To Avoid For Osteoporosis” post.

  The Nutrients Your Bones Crave

  Remember when we mentioned you need specific nutrients for strong, healthy bones? Well, there are 13 minerals plus a handful of vitamins your bones need to stay strong and healthy.

  The primary nutrients for bone health are:

  

  Calcium

  You already knew this one though, right? Calcium is the cornerstone of bone health after all!  

  Recommended Dietary Allowance For Calcium⁶

  Children and Teens	Male	Female
  0-6 months	200 mg	200 mg
  7-12 months	260 mg	260 mg
  1-3 years	700 mg	700 mg
  4-8 years	1,000 mg	1,000 mg
  9-18 years	1,300 mg	1,300 mg
  Adults	Male	Female
  19-50 years	1,000 mg	1,000 mg
  Older Adults	Male	Female
  51-70 years	1,000 mg	1,200 mg
  71+ years	1,200 mg	1,200 mg

   

  Magnesium 

  Magnesium works alongside calcium in many of your body’s cellular activities. Plus, magnesium deficiency is linked to bone loss!

  Recommended Dietary Allowance For Magnesium⁷

  Children and Teens	Male	Female	During Pregnancy
  0-6 months	30 mg	30 mg
  7-12 months	75 mg	75 mg
  1-3 years	80 mg	80 mg
  4-8 years	130 mg	130 mg
  9-13 years	240 mg	240 mg
  14-18 years	410 mg	360 mg	400 mg
  Adults	Male	Female	During Pregnancy
  19-30 years	400 mg	310 mg	350 mg
  31-50 years	420 mg	320 mg	360 mg
  Older Adults	Male	Female
  51+ years	420 mg	320 mg

   

  Vitamin D

  Vitamin D (in its active 1,25-D form) helps you absorb the calcium you consume. In fact, if you don’t get enough vitamin D, you’ll only absorb about 10-15% of the calcium you consume!

  Recommended Dietary Allowance For Vitamin D⁸

  Children and Teens	Male	Female
  0-12 months	400 IU	400 IU
  1-13 years	600 IU	600 IU
  14-18 years	600 IU	600 IU
  Adults	Male	Female
  19-50 years	600 IU	600 IU
  Older Adults	Male	Female
  51-70	600 IU	600 IU
  70+ years	800 IU	800 IU

   

  Vitamin K2

  Vitamin K2is essential for ensuring the calcium you consume makes it to the right places (your bones and teeth) and for keeping it out of the wrong places (your arteries, organs, and soft tissue.) There’s currently no set recommended dietary allowance for vitamin K2, but research suggests 90 mcg a day could be enough to benefit bone health.

  The other nutrients your bones crave are the following trace minerals:

  • Boron
  • Copper
  • Manganese
  • Silicon
  • Nickel
  • Selenium
  • Strontium Citrate
  • Phosphorus
  • Potassium
  • Vanadium
  • Zinc

  And a handful of additional vitamins:

  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E

  A Word on Protein Intake

  Did you know 50% of bone volume is protein?⁹ It’s true! Protein provides the structural matrix of your bones. But you may have heard protein increases the amount of calcium your body excretes. So, is protein an important part of your bone health?

  You bet! See, like a lot of things in life, especially where your bones are concerned, it’s all about balance. Calcium and protein work together to increase your bone density and make your bones strong. Here’s the important thing to remember about protein though; you need to get adequate amounts of both protein and calcium.

  Research shows higher protein diets are associated with greater bone mass and fewer fractures when calcium intake is adequate! But if you don’t get enough of either one, that’s when you can see an increase in calcium excretion. To discover exactly how much protein you need, plus some additional benefits of protein and the top dietary sources, check out our “Everything You Need To Know About Protein and Bone Health” post.

  But here’s the thing; it’s not easy to get enough of the nutrients your bones need from your diet alone. Especially as you get older. Our “Osteoporosis Diet and Nutrition” page provides in-depth information on all the nutrients listed above, plus advice on which foods you need in your diet to support healthy bones.

  As you can see, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for most bone-supporting nutrients increases for older adults. But a lot of people experience a decline in appetite as they age, which makes consuming enough of the key nutrients to prevent osteoporosis a challenge.

  What’s more, destructive modern farming and agricultural practices tend to focus on quantity above quality. As a result, our topsoil is becoming less capable of holding moisture and trace minerals. So even the foods you think are providing enough bone-supporting nutrients could be shortchanging you.

  A study in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition compared the nutritional data of 43 fruits and vegetables from 1950 and 1996.¹⁰ They found that the crops had suffered “statistically reliable declines” in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, and vitamin C over the years.

  The Easy Way To Get Your Bone-Supporting Nutrients

  Taking a supplement is the easiest, most convenient way to ensure you’re getting enough of the key nutrients you need to promote healthy bones, and even increase bone density. But not all supplements are created equal…

  AlgaeCal Plus is a calcium supplement that provides ALL of the 13 minerals and three vitamins your bones require. Yes, that’s all 16 nutrients you need for strong bones in one supplement!

  The calcium in AlgaeCal Plus is derived from a strain of marine algae called Lithothamnion superpositum (or Algas Calcareas as the locals call it.) Plus, the rest of the ingredients in AlgaeCal Plus are 100% natural too. It all adds up to a unique calcium supplement…

  In fact, Health Canada allows AlgaeCal Plus to make the unique claim that it can “help to increase/improve bone mineral density.” Health Canada doesn’t allow any other calcium supplement to make this claim about increasing/improving bone mineral density!

  Discover more about AlgaeCal Plus here.

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• Quit Smoking and Limit Your Alcohol Intake

  Just as you saw with food, the drink (specifically the alcoholic kind) in your diet plays a role in preventing osteoporosis. And you may be happy to hear that cutting alcohol out altogether isn’t the most beneficial option for your bone health. We’ll cover alcohol in just a moment, but first, let’s take a quick look at how smoking affects your bones.

  Smoking

  It’s common knowledge that smoking isn’t a healthy habit at any life stage. But it’s less commonly known that smoking can cause bone loss and contribute to osteoporosis…

  We explain in detail how smoking causes bone loss on our “Top 6 Causes of Osteoporosis” page, but in brief, smoking affects your bones in the following ways:

  • Cigarettes negatively affect the way your body uses vitamin D. And vitamin D is crucial for absorbing calcium, the cornerstone of bone health!
  • Smoking lowers your levels of estrogen, which is a vital component of the bone remodeling process.¹¹
  • Cigarettes contain harmful toxins like cadmium that cause bone loss.¹²

  If you really want to give yourself the best chance of preventing osteoporosis, the cigarettes have to go. For those who need a helping hand to quit smoking, The National Cancer Institute’s smokefree.gov initiative is a great resource for tips and advice.

  But if you really can’t quit, we’ve put together a list of nutrients you need to incorporate in your diet to limit the damage cigarette toxins are causing your body and bones. You can find it in the “Environmental Toxins: endocrine disruptors and smoking” section here.

  A word on secondhand smoke: Secondhand smoke can still affect the bones and overall health of non-smokers. Especially children.

  A study on young rats found that exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke significantly compromises bone health.¹³ Rats who were exposed to the secondhand smoke of four cigarettes a day for 60 days experienced a 41.5% decrease in bone mineral density compared to a control group of rats who weren’t exposed to any secondhand smoke. This lead to a 42.8% reduction in maximum strength.

  What’s more, the tibia (shin) bone of the rats exposed to 60 days of secondhand smoke was 41.5% shorter compared to the control group of rats! This suggests exposure to secondhand smoke interferes with bone development.

  Please note: At AlgaeCal we strive to present you with the latest, highest-standard research and studies. And that usually doesn’t include animal studies. But human intervention studies should never be carried out if the risks outweigh the potential benefits of the information they reveal. This study is a prime example. Exposing children to secondhand smoke isn’t ethical.

  Alcohol

  It boils down to two things when it comes to alcohol; moderation and type. See, the occasional glass of red wine with dinner or a bottle of beer after a long day aren’t just tolerable; these types of alcohol can actually have a positive effect on your bone health! (You can read about the hows and whys on our “Osteoporosis Diet and Nutrition” page).

  But when you consume too much alcohol– about 2 to 3 ounces a day –the benefits tail off and your bones start to suffer. Research suggests consuming too much alcohol can lead to excess calcium loss, and reduced levels of vitamin D.¹⁴ (Remember, you need vitamin D to be able to absorb the calcium you consume). The takeaway?

  Enjoy alcohol in moderation and you can not only prevent osteoporosis, but actually improve your bone health! (If it’s the right type of course).

  And if you’re wondering exactly what “moderation” means, check out the following guidelines: Healthy women of all ages and men older than 65 can enjoy up to one drink a day. While healthy men younger than 65 can enjoy up to two drinks a day.

  Examples of One Drink

  Alcohol	Fluid Ounces	Milliliters
  Beer	12	355
  Wine	5	148
  Spirits (80 proof)	1.5	44

   

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• Early DEXA Scans

  A Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan measures your bone mineral density. The results of a DEXA scan reveal the state of your bone health, and whether or not you have osteoporosis (or are on your way to osteoporosis.)

  Now, most conventional doctors in North America will only recommend a DEXA scan to the following people:

  • Women aged 65 years or older
  • Men aged 70 or older
  • Postmenopausal women younger than 65 who have risk factors for osteoporosis (refer to the list in “The Natural Bone Remodeling” section of this page for a recap)

  But more often than not, these recommendations are too late. See, by the time you qualify to be recommended for a DEXA scan, you could already have osteoporosis. So starting to consider your bone health at this point is like starting to save for your retirement the day you retire!

  To give yourself the best chance of preventing osteoporosis, it’s a good idea to request a DEXA scan earlier than the recommended age. This will give you the opportunity to see the current state of your bone health, and take further preventative measures if your scan shows your bone health is declining. All before osteoporosis rears its ugly head.

  Now, medical insurance providers will typically only cover the cost of a DEXA scan once every two years if any of the bullet points above describe you. Insurers may cover the cost of an early DEXA scan though if your doctor deems it medically necessary. So discuss your concerns with your doctor and explain why you want an early DEXA scan. Be sure to mention any medications you may take that could contribute to osteoporosis (we’ll cover more on these in just a moment), your family history of osteoporosis if it’s relevant, and any fractures or broken bones you’ve suffered.

  If your doctor can’t convince your medical insurance provider to cover the cost of an early DEXA scan, you can still pay for one yourself. The price of a DEXA scan varies depending on where you get it, and your personal case, but you can expect to pay between $50-$300.

  That’s not cheap, but it’s important to weigh the costs against the benefits. If your scan results show your bones are in fine health, it’s a small price to pay for the peace of mind that you can carry on as you are, not needing to worry about osteoporosis.

  And if your scan results show your bone health is in decline, the price of the scan is well worth it for the opportunity to nip osteoporosis in the bud. You won’t end up seeing them, but you’ll be glad you avoided the extra costs and stress that would have occurred further down the line!

  If you want to read a little more about DEXA scans, visit our “Everything You Need To Know About a DEXA Scan” page.

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• Check Your Hormone Levels

  Your hormones play an important role in processes all over your body. That includes reproduction, metabolism, and the natural bone remodeling process we outlined earlier.

  Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, in particular, need to be in balance to keep the natural bone remodeling process in check.

  Plus, your thyroid hormones (secreted by your thyroid) can also affect your bones if levels become unbalanced. (You can read more detail about how each hormone affects your bones on our “Top 6 Causes of Osteoporosis” page).

  So, it’s important to keep an eye on your hormone levels in order to prevent osteoporosis. Check out the sections below for tips on checking hormone levels at each life stage:

  Children and Teens

  A hormonal imbalance during childhood can affect the growth and development of a child’s entire body, including the bones. Hormonal imbalances generally become obvious around the time a child would be expected to start puberty (generally between age eight to 13 for girls, and generally between age nine to 14 for boys.)

  If a child seems particularly early, or late, to start puberty, it could signify an underlying hormone imbalance. As well as estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and thyroid hormones, growth hormone levels are especially important for children, too. If you’re concerned about your child’s hormone levels, it’s always best to consult a pediatric endocrinologist.

  Adults (particularly women)

  You may know menopause drastically affects the levels and production of a woman’s hormones, particularly estrogen. And that can cause an unbalanced bone remodeling cycle, which leads to bone loss.

  Now, menopause generally occurs when a woman is between her late 40s and early 50s, but it can start earlier. Early menopause can happen for a variety of reasons, including:

  • Genetics
  • Smoking
  • Chromosome defects – like Turner’s syndrome for example
  • Autoimmune diseases – like thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis for example
  • Removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy) or uterus (hysterectomy)

  The symptoms of early menopause tend to mirror those of normal menopause:

  • Irregular periods
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Loss of libido
  • Hot flashes
  • Insomnia
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Mood changes
  • Hair loss
  • A decrease in breast fullness
  • Skin issues
  • Weight gain

  If you experience any of the symptoms above before age 40, and they can’t be explained by another cause, discuss your situation with your doctor. Your doctor may order a blood test to check your levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen. This will help determine that you are experiencing early menopause and not another underlying health issue.

  Women who are experiencing early menopause, or are interested in more information about early and regular menopause may find our “Ultimate Guide to Menopause and its Effect on Your Bones” post useful.

  Older Women

  Women generally experience menopause somewhere between their late 40s and their early 50s. During menopause, your levels of estrogen fluctuate wildly (this is actually what causes some menopause symptoms like hot flashes).

  And in your postmenopausal years, your production of estrogen is lower.¹⁵ A low level of estrogen can cause your osteoclasts to go into overdrive, AND increase the number of places on your bone the bone remodeling happens. Left unchecked, that’s a one-way ticket to osteoporosis. So what can you do to protect your bones?

  Well, bio-identical hormone therapy treatment (BHRT), exercise, and adjusting your diet are all key factors to bring the hormonal changes menopause causes back under control. You can find information on all three, plus more in-depth detail on menopause and osteoporosis in our “Ultimate Guide to Menopause and its Effect On Your Bones” post.

  Older Men

  It’s true that osteoporosis is more common in women than men. But a man’s natural bone remodeling process will still start to remove more bone than it builds as he ages. It’s just that men have larger, denser bones to begin with, so they can withstand more bone loss than women without becoming osteoporotic.

  Just as there are with women, there are several factors that can accelerate a man’s bone loss though. And one of those factors is andropause. Andropause is often described as the “male menopause,” but it generally starts later than a woman’s menopause and occurs more gradually.

  During andropause, a man’s levels of testosterone start to dip. This has damaging effects on bone because men with normal levels of testosterone will convert a small amount to a form of estrogen, which is crucial for maintaining bone health. It’s important to note that age-related andropause isn’t the only cause of lower testosterone production in men. Obesity, environmental toxins, and conditions like hypogonadism can all affect testosterone production, and promote bone loss too.

  Symptoms of testosterone deficiency in men include:

  • A lower sex drive
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of muscle mass and increased body fat
  • Mood swings
  • Erectile issues

  Like you saw with estrogen in postmenopausal women, testosterone deficiency in men can be treated with hormone replacement. Again, testosterone replacement therapy must be administered through your doctor. There are several methods to choose from, and some may be more beneficial depending on your personal circumstances. Some doctors are closed to the idea of hormone replacement, so you may need to find one who is more involved in anti-aging medicine.

  While testosterone deficiency is a cause of osteoporosis in men, there are more common causes. You can find more information by visiting our “Top 6 Causes of Osteoporosis” page.

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• Minimize Stress

  When you’re stressed, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. And this “stress hormone” is bad news for your bones. Prolonged stress keeps your levels of cortisol high, and this causes inflammation in your body.

  Now, if this inflammation persists it becomes chronic, low-grade inflammation. And this chronic inflammation can cause bone loss and osteoporosis. Remember, chronic inflammation activates your osteoclasts (the cells that remove bone) and skews the bone remodeling process!

  What’s more, stress affects your liver. Specifically your hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.¹⁶ You may be wondering “What does my liver have to do with my bones?” Well, your liver is actually a powerful bone health ally! We’ve already mentioned that the active form of vitamin D (1,25-D) helps you absorb the calcium you consume. Well, the conversion of vitamin D to this active form takes place in your kidneys. But before that happens, vitamin D3 must be converted to 25(OH) D in your liver!

  Plus, one of your livers’ primary roles is to help your body remove harmful toxins. And this includes toxins that can harm your bones. But when you become stressed, your liver becomes inflamed, and its ability to properly detoxify your body is impaired. So how can you minimize stress and prevent the “stress hormone” causing bone loss?

  Here are a few things you can try:

  • Enjoy yourself! Don’t you just feel better when you’re around friends and loved ones? Laughing and enjoying yourself is a proven way to reduce stress. A study on the effect of laughter on stress levels in healthy adults confirms it!¹⁷ Participants who viewed a humorous video reported higher humor levels and lower stress levels compared to participants who viewed a tourism video. What’s more, those that reported the highest humor levels even showed increased immune function!

  • Try yoga: Yoga helps relax your body and mind.¹⁸ Plus, yoga can help strengthen your bones in its own right! Check out our “Ultimate Guide to Yoga For Osteoporosis” if you’re interested in giving it a go!
    
    
  • Get Moving: Yoga isn’t the only exercise that helps reduce stress. In fact, just about any activity that gets your heart beating that little bit quicker can help burn stress (as well as calories.) A Dutch study on twins and their families found that those who exercised at least 60 minutes a week were, on average, less anxious, less depressed, and less neurotic compared to those that didn’t exercise at all.¹⁹ If you’re still not convinced enough to make time for regular exercise, check out the next section!

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• Weight-Bearing Exercise

  “Move it or lose it” the saying goes. And it goes for your bones too… It’s true! Exercise is a crucial component of your general well-being at every stage of your life, and it’s extremely important for keeping your bones strong and dense. And that’s especially true for weight-bearing exercise like running, dancing, and weight training.

  Check out the sections below for exercise tips to prevent osteoporosis at each life stage:

  Children and Teens

  Remember the “bone bank account” we mentioned earlier? If you build enough bone in your younger years, you’ll be able to “withdraw” from the account when your natural bone remodeling process starts removing more bone than it builds.

  Well, exercising during childhood and teen years is a great way to kickstart your bone bank account. That’s because the skeleton is still developing in this life stage, and exercising can help it to reach its full potential.

  A study published in the American Academy of Pediatrics found that 40 minutes of moderately intense exercise a day increased bone mass in children significantly more compared to 60 minutes of exercise a week.²⁰ The study followed children aged 7 to 9 for four years. The children fell into one of two groups:

  1. The intervention group: 446 boys and 362 girls who performed 40 minutes of exercise a day during “physical education” class.
  2. The control group: 807 boys and 780 girls who performed 60 minutes of exercise a week during “physical education” class.

  A subsample of 73 boys and 48 girls from the intervention group and 52 boys and 48 girls from the control group had their bone mineral content and bone width recorded by a dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, too. The average annual gain in lumbar spine bone mineral content was 7.0% higher in girls and 3.3% higher in boys with the daily exercise, compared to the control group with weekly exercise. And the average annual gain in femoral neck width was 1.7% higher in girls and 0.6% higher in boys in the daily group compared to those in the weekly group.

  How much exercise do children need?

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends children and adolescents get an hour of physical activity every day.²¹ That may sound like a lot, but remember, children are very energetic! Dashing around the schoolyard, playing jump rope, and walking to school all contribute towards that hour of physical activity.

  Now, as we mentioned a little earlier, the most important type of exercise for building strong bones and preventing osteoporosis later in life is weight-bearing exercise. That’s basically any exercise that forces you to work against gravity, like running, jumping, or dancing. So make sure your children’s daily hour of exercise includes some weight-bearing activities.

  Adults

  When your natural bone remodeling process starts to remove more bone than it builds (around age 40), weight-bearing exercise is crucial for tipping the bone scales back in your favor.

  Now, as you’ll discover in our “Can Exercise ALONE Increase Bone Density?” post, exercise alone can’t increase your bone density. But it is an important factor in keeping your bones strong and healthy and preventing osteoporosis.

  How much exercise do adults need?

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends adults (19-64) get 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and at least 2 sessions of muscle-strengthening exercises a week.²¹ Aerobic exercise can include anything that gets your heart beating faster than usual, like walking, dancing, and even gardening.

  But remember, weight-bearing exercise is the best kind of exercise for your bones. So try to include this kind of exercise in your weekly routine over exercise that doesn’t bear weight, like swimming. And muscle-strengthening is pretty straightforward. Anything that strengthens your muscles! So resistance band exercises, weight training, and push-ups for example.

  You can find a whole host of anti-osteoporosis exercise ideas along with video tutorials in the exercise section of our blog.

  Older Adults

  As you age, unless you actively combat it, your muscle mass will be gradually lost and replaced with fat. The technical term for this is sarcopenia.²² The amount of muscle loss varies from person to person, but recent research suggests the average rate for people over 70 is 0.5-1% per year.

  Now, sarcopenia is bad news for your bones for two reasons:

  1. Having less muscle means you become weaker, and your balance becomes affected. This significantly increases the risk of a fall and related fracture.
  2. A decrease in muscle strength leads to a decrease in bone strength too.²³ See, your skeletal and muscular systems are closely linked. The strongest mechanical forces on your bones are the ones created by muscle contractions. And these muscle contractions condition your bone density, strength, and microarchitecture (the internal structure of your bones.)

  But just like osteoporosis, sarcopenia is NOT an inevitable outcome. And exercise, particularly weight-bearing exercise, is a key component of combating sarcopenia and maintaining healthy bones. You can read more about how exercise combats sarcopenia in our “Can Exercise ALONE Increase Bone Density?” post.

  How much exercise do older adults need?

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends older adults (64+) ideally get 5 hours of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and at least 2 sessions of muscle-strengthening exercises a week.²¹ Aerobic exercise can include anything that gets your heart beating faster than usual, like walking, dancing, and even gardening.

  But remember, weight-bearing exercise is the best kind of exercise for your bones. So try to include this kind of exercise in your weekly routine over exercise that doesn’t bear weight, like swimming. And muscle-strengthening is pretty straightforward. Anything that strengthens your muscles! So resistance band exercises, weight training, and push-ups for example.

  You can find a whole host of anti-osteoporosis exercise ideas along with video tutorials in the exercise section of our blog.

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• Get Enough Sleep

  All that exercise could well help you sleep better at night.²⁴ And that’s even more good news for preventing osteoporosis… Research shows sleep quality not only plays a role in bone health but could be directly associated with osteoporosis! After all, the time you spend asleep is the time your body grows and repairs.

  Check out the sections below for information on how sleep affects bone health at each life stage. And visit our “6 Natural Sleep Aids That Actually Work” page for a few suggestions on improving your sleep too!

  Children and Teens

  All parents know how important a good night’s sleep is to their children’s health and development. And research shows that extends to bone health.²⁵

  One study on the relationship between sleep duration and bone mass in children involved 336 children (both girls and boys) aged 4 to 12. Each child’s bone mineral content (BMC) was measured with a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and their parents recorded their sleep duration. (Sleep duration included both nighttime sleep and napping during the day.) The results showed that the children who got the most sleep had significantly greater BMC.

  Now, the older children would be expected to have greater BMC than the younger children. After all, they would have had longer to build their bone. But when the children were separated into age ranges (seven years old and younger, and above seven years old) those that slept longer still had higher BMC than those who slept for a shorter duration.

  The bonus bone effects of napping: A somewhat surprising result from the study above was that daytime napping had a significant, positive correlation with BMC. So napping is good for more than a few minutes of peace and quiet!

  So sleep duration and napping have an effect on a child’s bones, but what’s the ideal sleep duration for children? Well, according to the National Sleep Foundation, it all depends on age:²⁶

  Age	Recommended amount of sleep
  Newborns (0 to 3 months)	14 to 17 hours
  Infants (4 to 11 months)	12 to 15 hours
  Toddlers (1 to 2 years)	11 to 14 hours
  Preschoolers (3 to 5 years)	10 to 13 hours
  School aged-children (6 to 13 years)	9 to 11 hours
  Teenagers (14 to 17 years)	8 to 10 hours

  Adults

  Modern life makes getting enough sleep as an adult a tricky endeavor. Early rises, work commutes, and life commitments all interfere with the time you should be getting some rest. It may be true that sleep isn’t as vital from a developmental standpoint in your adult life compared to childhood, but it’s still very important. And sleep is still a factor in preventing osteoporosis in adulthood.

  A 2016 study researched the impact of sleep on osteoporosis in adults.²⁷ One thousand and thirty-two participants aged 25 to 85 took part. The bone stiffness index (SI), a marker of osteoporosis, was measured in each participant using ultrasounds. And their sleep habits, including the time they went to bed, the time they spent in bed, and the quality of their sleep were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The study found that sleep disturbances were significantly associated with SI in each category of PSQI. In other words, poor sleep and sleeping habits have a negative impact on bone health!

  As for the ideal amount of sleep for adults, the current recommendation is set at 7 to 9 hours for 18 to 64 year-olds.²⁸

  Older Adults

  As people age, there’s a tendency to go to bed earlier and wake earlier. This could actually be attributed to a shift in circadian rhythm– essentially your body clock. That’s not a problem, as long as you’re getting enough sleep.

  See, sleep becomes especially important again in later life. If you aren’t getting enough sleep, you’ll feel groggy and unfocused, which can increase your risk of a fall. And, as we’ve seen with the other life stages, sleep is still an important factor for preventing osteoporosis in later life.

  A study published in the Journal of American Geriatrics Society examined the relationship between sleep duration and osteoporosis in older adults.²⁹ Five thousand, two hundred and eighty-eight men and women aged 50 and over participated. Their osteoporosis diagnosis was measured with a bone mineral density scan, and their sleep duration was recorded with a sleep survey. The results? Sleeping less than six hours a night was significantly associated with osteoporosis.

  The recommended amount of sleep for older adults (65+) is 7 to 8 hours a night.²⁸

  Trouble sleeping? Sleep disorders are a common problem among older adults, particularly insomnia. Studies have found that 23 to 34% of adults aged 65 and over in America suffer from insomnia.³⁰ If you have trouble sleeping, check out our natural sleep aid suggestions on our “6 Natural Sleep Aids That Actually Work” page.

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• Discuss Any Medications With Your Doctor

  You may be surprised to learn some of the most common prescription medications can contribute to bone loss.

  Now, it’s important to note that your doctor does care about your health. They prescribe you certain medications because they want to help you manage the condition you’re facing. But unfortunately, your bone health isn’t always a priority.

  If you’re concerned about a prescription drug you’re taking, we highly recommend discussing your situation with your doctor. Let them know you’re worried about your bone health and if a drug you’re taking can contribute to bone loss, see if there’s an alternative option that doesn’t.

  If taking the medication is unavoidable, don’t panic. You just need to pay extra close attention to the points we’ve outlined on this page. Especially your diet. Remember, feeding your body the materials it needs to build healthy, new bone is one of the most effective ways to prevent osteoporosis.

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